However, there are a few minor pockets of magma that form near the surface where geologic processes cause melting. Only the Earth’s outer core is liquid the Earth’s mantle and crust is naturally solid. ![]() This molten material is called magma when it is in the ground and lava when it is on the surface. Igneous rock is formed when liquid rock freezes into a solid rock. Describe volcano types, eruptive styles, composition, and their plate tectonic settings.Describe how silica content affects magma viscosity and eruptive style of volcanoes.Explain partial melting and fractionation, and how they change magma compositions.Analyze the features of common igneous landforms and how they relate to their origin.Explain how cooling of magma leads to rock compositions and textures, and how these are used to classify igneous rocks. ![]() Describe how the Bowen’s Reaction Series relates mineral crystallization and melting temperatures.Explain the origin of magma it relates to plate tectonics.4 Igneous Processes and Volcanoesīy the end of this chapter, students should be able to: ![]() Mount Vesuvius towers over the ruins of Pompeii, a city destroyed by the eruption in 79 CE.
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